Understanding the basics
Genomics is more than the study of genes and DNA. It is a tool that helps us understand how health, environment and genetic inheritance are linked. Human genomics is also used outside medicine, for example in genealogy and forensics. As every living organism has a genome, genomic technologies are also applied in microbiology, agriculture, and environmental science.
Genomics and health
Genomics is helping to provide more precise and effective care. Analysing a person’s genome can identify conditions earlier and can let patients and healthcare professionals consider treatments tailored to individual needs. This approach is often called precision medicine. Genomics also supports screening and prevention, giving people the opportunity to seek care and support before illness develops. For example, genomic testing can reveal inherited risk of cancer or heart disease. In practice, genomics is shifting medicine from a reactive model to one that is more proactive and personal.
Genomics and research
Medical research in genomics drives discovery and innovation. Scientists use genomic data to understand the causes of disease, develop new treatments and explore how genes interact with lifestyle and environment. This knowledge feeds directly into health policy and supports clinical decision making. Large-scale genomic studies, often involving thousands of volunteers, are helping to reveal how complex conditions such as diabetes, cancer and rare diseases work. By building strong research programs and sharing findings globally, genomics continues to expand what we know about human health and disease.
Genomics and the community
Genomics is not only about individual care but also about supporting whole communities. Insights from genomic data can improve public health by showing patterns of disease and guiding targeted prevention programs. Community engagement ensures that genomics delivers benefits in ways that are safe, fair and inclusive. For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, partnerships in genomics are designed to respect cultural values and uphold Indigenous Data Sovereignty principles. By making genomics accessible, communities gain knowledge that can improve wellbeing and strengthen trust in health care.
Find out more about how Genomics Australia is working collaboratively with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.